Due to the processing characteristics of aluminum alloy, there are some difficulties in laser welding of aluminum alloy. So for operators engaged in welding processing, how to solve these problems?
1. The laser absorptivity of aluminum alloy is low
This problem is mainly due to the problem of aluminum alloy. Due to the high initial reflectivity and high thermal conductivity of aluminum alloy, the absorptivity of aluminum alloy to laser beam is very low before melting.
The solution is as follows:
1. The surface of aluminum alloy was pretreated. For example, sandpaper grinding, surface chemical etching, surface electroplating and other pretreatment measures are commonly used in production. Increase the absorptivity of the material to the laser.
2. The laser power density increases with the decrease of spot size.
3. By changing the welding structure, the laser beam can form multiple reflections in the gap, which is convenient for laser welding of aluminum alloy.
2. It is easy to produce pores and hot cracks
In the process of laser welding of aluminum alloy, it is easy to produce pores and hot cracks.
The solution is as follows:
1. By adjusting the laser power waveform during welding, the instability of the hole can be reduced, the angle of the laser beam can be changed, the magnetic field can be applied during welding, and the pores can be effectively controlled during welding.
2. When using YAG laser, the heat input can be controlled by adjusting the pulse waveform to reduce the crystal cracks.
3. The mechanical properties of welded joint decrease
The burning loss of alloy elements in the welding process makes the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy welded joint decrease.
The solution is as follows:
The mechanical properties of welded joints are poor due to the instability of pores. Aluminum alloy mainly includes Zn, Mg and al. The boiling point of aluminum is higher than the other two elements when welding. Therefore, when welding aluminum alloy components, some low boiling point alloy components can be added, which is conducive to the formation of small holes and welding firmness.
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